References
Myasthenia Gravis Video
Dr David Hilton-Jones.
General/Review Articles.
1. Drachman DB. 1994. Myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med 330: 1797-1810.
2. Engel AG (Editor). 1999. Myasthenia gravis and myasthenic disorders.
Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512970-9 - includes authoritative chapters
on MG, LEMS and Congenital Myasthenias.
3. Vincent A, Palace J and Hilton-Jones D. 2001 Myasthenia gravis. Lancet 357: 2122-8.
4. Palace J, Vincent A. and Beeson D. 2001. Myasthenia gravis: diagnostic and
management dilemmas. Curr. Opin Neurol. 14: 583-9.
5. Newsom-Davis J. and Beeson D. 2001. Myasthenia gravis and myasthenic syndromes;
in Disorders of Voluntary Muscle, eds Karpati G, Hilton-Jones D and Griggs R. pp 650-675.
Cambridge University Press.
6. a very useful general website: www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/synmg.html
Symptoms.
7. Jaretzki A, Barohn RJ et al 2000. Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical
research standards. Task Force of Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America.
Ann Thorac Surg. 70:327-34.
8. Wirtz PW, Verschuuren JJ et al. 2002. Difference in distribution of muscle weakness
between myasthenia gravis and the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat. 73:766-8.
9. Kaminski HJ, Ruff RL et al. 1990. Why are eye muscles frequently involved in MG?
Neurology 40: 1663-1669.
10. Barton JJ and Fouladvand M. 2000. Ocular aspects of MG. Semin Neurol. 20: 7-20.
Diagnosis.
11. Vincent A and Newsom-Davis J. 1985. Acetylcholine receptor antibody as a
diagnostic test for MG: results in 153 validated and 2967 diagnostic assays.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat. 48:1246-52.
12. Engstrom JW 2004. Myasthenia gravis: diagnostic mimics. Semin Neurol. 24:141-7.
Treatment.
13. Richman DP and Agius M. 2003. Treatment of autoimmune myasthenia gravis.
Neurology 61:1652-61.
14. Newsom-Davis J. 2003. Therapy in MG and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.
Seminars in Neurology 23: 191-8.
15. Pinching AJ, Peters DK and Newsom-Davis J. 1976. Remission of MG following
plasma exchange. Lancet ii. 1373-6.
16. Wiles CM, Webster AD et al. 2002. Intravenous immunoglobulin in neurological
disease: a specialist review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 72:440-8.
17. Palace J, Newsom-Davis and Lecky B. 1998. A randomized double-blind trial of
prednisolone alone or in combination with azathioprine in MG. Neurology 50: 1778-1783.
18. Evoli A, Batocchi A-P, Minisci C, DiSchino C and Tonali P. 2001. Therapeutic
options in ocular MG. Neuromuscul Disord. 11:208-16.
19. Jaretzki A, Steinglass KM and Sonett JR. 2004. Thymectomy in the management of
MG. Semin Neurol. 24: 49-62.
20. Gronseth GS, Barohn RJ al. 2000. Practice parameter: thymectomy for MG
(an evidence-based review) Neurology 55: 7-15.
21. Dillon FX. 2004. Anesthesia issues in the perioperative management of MG.
Semin Neurol. 24:83-94.
Scientific.
22. Vincent A. 2002. Unravelling the pathogenesis of MG. Nature Revs Immunol. 2:797-804.
Typical but 'seronegative' MG
- Ie without anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies.
23. Vincent A, Bowen J, Newsom-Davis J and McConville J. 2003. Seronegative
generalised MG: clinical features, antibodies and their targets. Lancet Neurology.
2: 99-106.
24. Hoch W, McConville J, Vincent A et al. 2001. Autoantibodies to the receptor
tyrosine kinase MuSK in patients with MG without anti-AChR antibodies.
Nature Medicine. 7: 365-8.
25. Evoli A et al 2003.Clinical correlates with anti-MuSK antibodies in generalized
seronegative MG. Brain 126:2304-11.
26. Sanders D, Vincent A et al. 2003. Clinical aspects of MuSK antibody positive
seronegative MG. Neurology. 60:1978-80.
27. Mossman S, Vincent A and Newsom-Davis J. 1986. Myasthenia gravis without
acetylcholine-receptor antibody: a distinct disease entity. Lancet. 1986; i:116-9.
Historic.
28. Keynes Sir G, 1983. The history of MG. Medical History. V: 313 - 326.
29. Walker MB. 1934.Treatment of MG with physostigmine. Lancet i:1200.
30. Chang CC and Lee CY. 1963. Isolation of neurotoxins from Bungarus multicinctus,
and their modes of neuromuscular blocking action. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther.
144. 241-257.
31. Simpson JA 1960. MG; a new hypothesis. Scott Med J. 5: 419- 439.
32. Fambrough DM, Drachman DB and Satyamurti S. 1973. Neuromuscular junction in
MG; decreased acetylchloline receptors. Science 182: 293-5.
33. Patrick J and Lindstrom JM. 1973. Autoimmune response to acetylcholine receptor.
Science. 180: 871-2.
34. Compston DAS, Vincent A, Newsom-Davis J and Batchelor JR. 1980. Clinical,
pathological, HLA antigen and immunological evidence for disease heterogeneity in MG.
Brain 103: 579-601.
The Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
(LEMS) Video
Prof John Newsom-Davis.
41. O'Neill JH, Murray NM, Newsom-Davis J. 1988. The Lambert-Eaton myasthenic
syndrome. A review of 50 cases. Brain. 111 :577-96.
42. Newsom-Davis J and Lang B. 1999. pp 251-297 in Engel AG (Editor). Myasthenia
Gravis and myasthenic disorders. Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-512970-9.
6. a very useful general website: www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/synmg.html
Symptoms.
8. Wirtz PW, Verschuuren JJ et al. 2002. Difference in distribution of muscle weakness
between myasthenia gravis and the LEMS syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat.
73:766-8.
Treatment.
14. Newsom-Davis J. 2003. Therapy in MG and LEMS. Seminars in Neurology 23: 191-8.
43. Bain PG, Vincent A, Lang B et al. 1996. Effects of IvIg on muscle weakness and
calcium channel antibodies in the LEMS. Neurology 47: 678-683.
Diagnosis.
44. Motomura M, Lang B, Newsom-Davis J et al. 1995. An improved diagnostic assay for
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat. 58:85-7.
Aetiology and lung cancer in the LEMS.
45. Roberts A, Perera S, Lang B, Vincent A and Newsom-Davis J. 1985. Paraneoplastic
myasthenic syndrome IgG inhibits 45Ca2+ flux in a human small cell carcinoma line.
Nature 317: 737-9.
46. Maddison P, Newsom-Davis J, Mills KR and Souhami, RL. 1999. Favourable prognosis
in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and small cell lung carcinoma.
Lancet 353: 117-8.
47. Wirtz PW, Willcox N, Verschuuren JJGM et al. 2004. HLA and smoking in prediction
and prognosis of small cell lung cancer in autoimmune Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.
J Neuroimmunol. (in press).
48. Chalk CH, Newsom-Davis J, Spiro SG et al. 1990. Response of the Lambert-Eaton
myasthenic syndrome to treatment of associated small-cell lung carcinoma. Neurology.
40:1552-6.
49. Wirtz PW, Verschuuren JJ et al. 2004. Associated autoimmune diseases in patients
with the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and their families. J Neurol. 251:1255-9.
Historic LEMS papers.
50. Lambert EH, Eaton LM and Rooke ED. 1956. Defect of neuromuscular conduction
associated with malignant neoplasia. Am J Physiol. 187:612-3.
51. Lang B, Newsom-Davis J, Wray D, Vincent A and Murray N. 1981. Autoimmune aetiology
for the myasthenic (Eaton-Lambert) syndrome. Lancet ii: 224-6.
3, 4 Diamino-pyridine.
52. To get 3, 4 diamino-pyridine (3,4 DAP), Doctors - and only doctors - can approach the
Pharmacy Department, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6HE,
Tel 01865 224783.
Congenital myasthenias video
Prof John Newsom-Davis.
NB none of the Congenital Myasthenias is autoimmune in any way, so
immuno-suppressive treatments and thymectomy are completely unsuitable
for them.
NB watch the highlighted names for new progress in this fast-moving field.
61. Ohno K, Engel AG, Sine S. The spectrum of congenital myasthenia syndromes.
Mol Neurobiol 2002. 26:347-367.
62. Engel AG, Ohno K, and Sine SM.1999. Congenital myasthenic syndromes.
pp 205-228 in Engel AG (Ed). Myasthenia gravis and myasthenic disorders.
Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-512970-9.
63. Newsom-Davis J and Beeson D. 2001. Myasthenia gravis and myasthenic syndromes;
in Disorders of Voluntary Muscle, 7th edition; eds Karpati G, Hilton-Jones D and Griggs R.
pp 650-675. Cambridge University Press.
64. Burke G, Cossins J, Maxwell S, Robb S, Nicolle M, Vincent A, Newsom-Davis J,
Palace J, Beeson D. 2004. Distinct phenotypes of congenital acetylcholine receptor
deficiency. Neuromusc Disord. 14:356-64.
65. Palace J, Wiles CM, Newsom-Davis J. 1991. 3,4-Diaminopyridine in the treatment
of congenital (hereditary) myasthenia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat. 54:1069-72.
66. Useful websites:
On www.genetests.org there is a link via 'gene reviews' to an excellent
overview by Lochmuller.
There is another at
www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/synmg.html
67. The Oxford Muscle Centre:
Contact for pre-referral forms: Somai.Man@orh.nhs.uk
For appointments: claudia.cooper@orh.nhs.uk Tel 01865 224097
Chief Scientist/ address for completed preferral forms: Prof David Beeson,
Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, Headington,
Oxford, OX3 9DS.
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